Note: I am not a professional and do not claim to be an expert. Please be sure to always read instructions for all tools and products. Safety is very important and should be your top priority. Wear necessary protection when using tools (eye wear, hearing protection, gloves, etc.) and dust masks when sanding or cutting. Sarah Flips It is not responsible for any injury or damage. All of my designs are not professionally designed and are for private use only.

Walking into the wood section at a hardware store can feel overwhelming—especially if you’re new to DIY. With rows of boards, plywood sheets, and abbreviations that don’t make much sense at first glance, it’s easy to feel lost. But don’t worry! Once you understand the basics, the lumber aisle becomes one of the most exciting places to plan your next project.

This guide to buying wood for DIY projects will help you know what to expect, what to look for, and how to make smart choices—whether you’re building furniture, framing a wall, or crafting holiday decor.

Table of Contents

Common Types of Wood at the Hardware Store

Here are the most common categories you’ll find in the lumber aisle:

1. Construction Lumber

Construction lumber includes studs, framing boards, and treated lumber, and manufacturers typically make it from softwoods like pine, spruce, or fir.

  • Common sizes: 2×4, 2×6, 2×8, etc.
  • Best for: Framing, outdoor projects, rough builds.
  • Note: Check each piece carefully—these boards often have warps or knots.

2. Dimensional Lumber (Appearance Boards)

Lumber yards often kiln-dry these boards and produce better-looking options than standard framing lumber. You’ll see labels like “Select Pine” or “Poplar.”

  • Common sizes: 1×2, 1×4, 1×6, etc.
  • Best for: Furniture, shelves, crafts, trim.
  • Tip: These boards are sold in nominal sizes—1×4 actually measures ¾” x 3½”.

3. Plywood

Manufacturers make plywood by gluing together thin layers of wood veneer.

  • Grades: A (smooth, clean) to D (rough, knotty).
  • Types: Sanded plywood, hardwood plywood (like birch or oak), MDF, OSB.
  • Best for: Cabinets, tabletops, drawer boxes, backs of furniture.

4. Project Panels

Pre-cut, pre-sanded panels (often in 2’x4′ or 2’x2′ sizes) that are perfect for smaller builds.

  • Best for: DIY furniture, signs, small projects.
  • Bonus: These often come in hardwoods like red oak, birch, or maple.

5. Trim and Moulding

Found in a nearby aisle, this section includes baseboards, casing, crown moulding, and decorative pieces.

  • Best for: Finishing work, wall treatments, and accents.
  • Materials: Pine, MDF, PVC.

How to Read Wood Labels

You will find that wood at the hardware store is often labeled with dimensions, type, and sometimes grade. Here’s what a label might say:

  • 1x4x8: Nominal size: 1 inch thick, 4 inches wide, 8 feet long.
  • Select Pine: Type of wood and grade (cleaner, better-looking).
  • S4S: Surfaced on four sides (all edges are smooth).

Tips for Buying the Right Wood for Your Project

  • Bring measurements: Know the size and quantity you need.
  • Inspect each board: Look for warping, cupping, or knots, especially in construction lumber.
  • Think ahead about transport: Measure your vehicle! Many stores will cut wood to size for you.
  • Match wood types: If you’re building something that needs to look nice, keep your wood selection consistent so it stains or paints evenly.
  • Don’t be afraid to ask: Store associates can point you to the right type of wood for your project.

What is the difference between MDF and plywood?

MDF is smooth and great for painting, but not as strong as plywood. Plywood has layers and handles screws better.

Is pressure-treated wood safe for indoor uses?

Not really—pressure-treated wood is meant for outdoor use and can contain chemicals. Stick to untreated wood indoors.

Can I cut the wood at the store?

Most hardware stores will cut wood for free or for a small fee. This is great for transporting large sheets.

What’s the cheapest wood to buy?

Construction-grade pine is usually the cheapest, but keep in mind it often needs extra sanding or prep.

Once you understand the layout and labeling in the lumber aisle, shopping for wood gets so much easier. Whether you’re building a Murphy bed, framing a shelf wall, or just tackling a fun weekend project, knowing how to pick the right materials is the first step toward a successful build.

Need help planning your next DIY project? Check out more beginner guides and tool recommendations here on the blog—and don’t forget to save this post for your next hardware store trip!